The government had minimal presence in the ownership of news media but remained a significant source of advertising revenue for many media organizations, which at times influenced coverage. In July the CNB reported it had recovered more than 1,100 pounds of charred human remains from La Bartolina, Tamaulipas, a clandestine cremation site found in 2017. The Prosecutor Generals Office owned a previous genetics database, which consisted of 63,000 profiles, and was responsible for the new database. A variety of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases. Since 2019 more than 60 women accused Roemer of sexual abuse, assault, and rape. osac crime and safety report: mexico. Nonetheless, discrimination was common against racial and ethnic minorities, including Black, Afro-Mexican, and indigenous groups. Between January and June, state authorities opened 10,458 new rape investigations. Hundreds of thousands of workers continued to work in foreign-owned factories, mainly in northern border states, producing electronics, medical equipment, and auto parts. The Federal Center, however, estimated that only 10 to 15 percent of those collective bargaining agreements would undergo a legitimization vote because the worksite where the agreement was valid had closed, the work for which the agreement was negotiated had concluded, or the contract was a protection contract held by a nonrepresentative union. NGOs alleged that provisions in laws threatened the privacy of internet users by forcing telecommunication companies to retain data for two years, providing real-time geolocation data to police, and allowing authorities to obtain metadata from private communications companies without a court order. In most states alternative justice centers employed mechanisms such as mediation, negotiation, and restorative justice to resolve minor offenses outside the court system. The state search commission paused all search efforts between May and June due to increased levels of insecurity for family search collectives, according to civil society groups. In just the first few months of 2019, the Mexican coastal state of Veracruz has been plagued by bloodshed - on the streets, in drive-by shootings, and even with a massacre at a family gathering . Media monopolies, especially in small markets, at times constrained freedom of expression. Sexual Harassment: Federal law prohibits sexual harassment and provides for fines from 250 to 5,000 times the minimum daily wage, but the law was not effectively enforced. Voting centers for federal elections were generally accessible for persons with disabilities, and ballots were available with a braille overlay for federal elections in Mexico City, but these services were inconsistently available for local elections elsewhere in the country. The Interior Secretariat reaffirmed its commitment to protect refugee applicants even as the country experienced an unprecedented number of applicants. According to the NGO, institutional staff in Baja California reported that four children with disabilities died within days of each other with no known investigations. The third and fourth stages will be complete in 2021, extending the tramline to the Luxembourg Airport, the Luxembourg train station, and the neighborhood of Cloche d'Or. Reports indicated that women suffered disproportionately from pretrial detention. The deadline for unions to amend and register their statutes, originally set to expire in May 2020, was suspended due to COVID-19, reestablished in late 2020, and continued as of November. The Director of DSS serves as the council . Discrimination and Societal Abuses, Systemic Racial or Ethnic Violence and Discrimination, Acts of Violence, Criminalization, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Other Societal Violence or Discrimination, a. . with disabilities attended school at a lower rate than those without disabilities. The situation of agricultural workers remained particularly precarious, with similar patterns of exploitation throughout the sector. Lopez had filed a complaint with the Interior Secretariat asking for greater government intervention in the indigenous Tsotsil regions following increased drug trafficking-related violence. When authorities fail to accept a recommendation, the CNDH makes that known publicly. The Prosecutor Generals Office also obtained an arrest warrant against Lozoyas mother for money laundering, and in 2019 Interpol agents arrested her in Germany. Libel/Slander Laws: There are no federal criminal laws against defamation, libel, or slander; however, eight states have criminal laws on these acts. The law prohibits such practices and requires search warrants. The governments failure to enforce labor laws left workers with little recourse for violations of freedom of association, poor working conditions, and other labor provisions in states that had not yet implemented the new labor justice model. In January 2020 the government raised the minimum wage. Defendants have the right to attend the hearings and to challenge the evidence or testimony presented. According to civil society, libel and defamation proceedings tripled from 11 cases in 2019 to 33 cases in 2020. In June media outlets reported that a fight between two rival groups of inmates left six inmates dead and nine wounded at a prison in Villahermosa, Tabasco. Do not travel to the Colombian border area in the Loreto Region because of crime, or the area in central Peru known as the Valley of the Rivers Apurimac, Ene, and Mantaro (VRAEM) because of crime and terrorism. State search collectives reported being victims, at times fatal, of attacks, threats, and other acts of harassment. In July the Supreme Court ruled that authorities at all levels must investigate enforced disappearances, search for disappeared persons, and inform victims of the process. Civil society organizations, however, reported that the number of labor inspections was not sufficient to secure compliance. Impunity for torture was prevalent among the security forces. The law criminalizes sharing, distributing, and publishing intimate sexual content (including photographs, audio, and videos) featuring individuals who have not explicitly given their consent, with penalties of up to six years in prison. In June President Lopez Obrador announced that forensic scientists at the University of Innsbruck conclusively identified the remains of Jhosivani Guerrero, marking the third body identified of the 43 disappeared students. Indigenous persons generally had limited access to health care and education services. Mexico is one of Latin America's most important security markets due to its size, leading industries, development, and total demand. In July the secretary of the navy publicly apologized to families of the victims, marking the first time the armed forces apologized for committing forced disappearances. State and federal prosecutors are independent of the executive branch and have the final authority to investigate and prosecute security force abuses. Between January and June, the commission registered that 115,534 women received attention in Justice Centers for Women throughout the country, a 19 percent increase over the same period in 2020. Minors were recruited or forced by cartels to traffic persons, drugs, or other goods across the border with the United States. In July the Mexico City Prosecutor Generals Office issued the fourth arrest warrant for Roemer. TYT.-. The law mandates that all discrimination cases, including sexual harassment, bypass formerly mandatory conciliation and proceed directly to the labor courts. The law mandates the creation of a public registry of companies supplying specialized services to verify only registered companies fulfilling tax and administrative requirements may supply those services. Federal funding assisted the operation of more than 69 shelters, external attention centers, emergency houses, and transition houses. Reforms to the Prosecutor Generals Office split the Office for Combating Violence Against Women and the Trafficking in Persons offices in an effort to elevate these issues by giving each its own special prosecutor general. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media, b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association, d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country, e. Status and Treatment of Internally Displaced Persons, Section 3. Efforts focused on implementation of the 2019 labor law reform that transformed the labor justice system. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) 2016 survey, 18 percent of women ages 15 and older reported having experienced physical violence at the hands of their current or most recent partner, and 6.5 percent reported having experienced sexual violence. According to advocacy groups, no information was available concerning the criteria through which the government chooses media outlets for public advertising. The guidelines allow internet service providers to deny access to certain applications, content, and services based on commercial criteria, in breach of their obligations to protect neutrality. Rape and Domestic Violence: Federal law criminalizes the rape of men and women, including spousal rape, and conviction carries penalties of up to 20 years' imprisonment. Any work in excess of eight hours in a day is considered overtime, for which a worker is to receive double pay. From 2013 through . The government rarely investigated cases of alleged abusive and fraudulent recruitment practices. Most of these complaints were against authorities in the Prosecutor Generals Office, National Guard, Interior Secretariat, and the armed forces. In June unknown assailants killed Javier Barajas Pina in the state of Guanajuato. The law provides for freedom of expression, including for members of the press and other media, and the government generally respected this right. Authorities declared 10 political parties eligible to participate in the midterm elections. See the Department of States Trafficking in Persons Report at https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report/. According to Google Report, Google received 24 requests from authorities in 2020 to remove content 13 from police, eight from government officials, and three from unspecified sources. Federal law prohibits torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, as well as the admission of confessions obtained through illicit means as evidence in court. Mexico Amman, Jordan Amsterdam, Nederlands St; Temples; . Indigenous persons in isolated regions reported incidents of forced labor in which cartel members forced them to perform illicit activities or face death. It was created in 2019 to bring together national and international forensic experts to help identify 37,000 unidentified remains held in government facilities, coordinate implementation of the general law on forced disappearances, and allocate resources to state search commissions. In its data collection, the government often merged statistics on forcibly disappeared persons with missing persons not suspected of being victims of forced disappearance, making it difficult to compile accurate statistics on the extent of the problem. Independent Monitoring: The government permitted independent monitoring of prison conditions by the International Committee of the Red Cross, CNDH, and state human rights commissions. Conflicts arose from the interpretation of indigenous communities self-governing normative systems. Uses and customs laws apply traditional practices to resolve disputes, choose local officials, and collect taxes, with limited federal or state government involvement. In October and November, I spent several . Women were more likely to experience discrimination in wages, working hours, and benefits. On February 19, a constitutional reform eliminated presidential immunity for corruption and other crimes. From January to June, the CNDH received nine complaints accusing government agents of forced disappearances, including five against the army and four against the National Guard. Members of the Mayan community in Campeche reported the National Tourism Board pressured them to cease protesting and agree to leave their lands. There were some complaints of illegal searches or illegal destruction of private property. OSAC encourages travelers to use this report to gain baseline knowledge of security conditions in Venezuela. Contents1 Where does Cuba rank in [] Drug traffickers involved in illegal logging recruited and kidnapped indigenous persons and children in isolated or displaced communities, withheld their wages, forced them to conduct illicit activities, and often threatened death if they tried to leave. The law states that the principle of gender parity should be observed in the designation of cabinet members, selection of candidates for public office by every political party, and designation of members of the judiciary. It is also a criminal offense in all states. As of September workers had reviewed and voted on 1,790 collective bargaining agreements, less than 1 percent of the total number of agreements. See the Department of States International Religious Freedom Report at https://www.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/. Femicide is a federal offense punishable by 40 to 70 years in prison. Political parties nominated more female candidates for public office in the midterm elections than ever before, including half of their candidates for governor in the 15 races up for election. Wages were illegally withheld until the end of the harvest to ensure that the workers did not leave. There were no government restrictions on academic freedom or cultural events. The law provides for eight paid public holidays and one week of paid annual leave after completing one year of work. Civil society and families of the disappeared stated the governments actions to prevent and respond to disappearances were largely inadequate to address the scale of the problem. The Secretariat of National Defense and Secretariat of the Navy also play a role in domestic security, particularly in combating organized criminal groups. Twelve states have laws restricting public demonstrations. Police occasionally failed to provide impoverished detainees access to counsel during arrests and investigations as provided for by law, although the right to public defense during trial was generally respected. Migrants were also recruited by criminal organizations to conduct illicit activities. Some areas of Mexico have increased risk of crime and kidnapping. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. The 10 most dangerous cities in the world mapped. August 26, 2020. Recent Elections: International observers considered the midterm elections (legislative, gubernatorial, and local) to be generally free and fair, with only minor reports of irregularities. If the relevant authority accepts a CNDH recommendation, the CNDH is required to follow up with the authority to verify that it is carrying out the recommendation. These written documents define minimum requirements, best practices, standard protocols and other guidance to help ensure that the results of forensic analysis are valid, reliable and reproducible. October 2021. Wage and Hour Laws: The tripartite National Minimum Wage Commission is responsible for establishing minimum salaries. Children performed dangerous tasks in agriculture in the production of beans, chili peppers, coffee, cucumbers, eggplants, melons, onions, tomatoes, and tobacco. Political Parties and Political Participation: For the electoral process, the National Electoral Institute (INE) established the Three Out of Three Against Violence initiative, which required candidates to declare any history of domestic violence, sexual offenses, or failure to pay alimony. Access to justice was limited. In November 2020 a judge suspended five officials from the Mexico City Prosecutor Generals Office for failing to search for Fatima within 72 hours after she went missing. Land conflicts, social and ethnic violence, or local political disputes caused other incidents. There were credible reports that members of security forces committed some abuses. State labor inspectors, however, reported finding evidence of child labor, particularly in agricultural establishments. In March the government amended federal labor law to define the minimum wage as the lowest cash amount a worker receives for services rendered during a workday and stipulated it should never be below the inflation rate. The constitution and law prohibit discrimination with respect to employment or occupation. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. Authorities held some detainees under house arrest. NGOs operated 85 percent of the facilities, and government organizations operated the remaining 15 percent. Legally mandated joint management and labor committees set standards and are responsible for overseeing workplace standards in plants and offices. Workers had to buy food and other items at the company store at high markups, at times leaving them with no money at the end of the harvest after settling debts. An additional February reform mandated pretrial detention for femicides, sexual violence against minors, forced disappearances, and corruption. Federal authorities supported access to contraceptive methods, but states efforts varied widely. Although authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces, there were instances in which security force elements acted independently of civilian control. Some employers attempted to influence bargaining-rights elections through the illegal hiring of temporary or fake employees immediately prior to the election to vote for the company-controlled union. On August 7, several journalist organizations, including the Puebla Network of Journalists, National Network of Journalists, Communication, and Information on Women, and International Network of Journalists with a Gender Vision, issued a statement denouncing increased levels of violence against female journalists in Puebla from security forces and criminal organizations. Most indigenous persons lived in marginalized communities, and the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionally affected these communities, according to the OHCHR. Workers, the employer, or an interested third party may request the CAB or court rule on the legality of the strike, which may find the strike is nonexistent and therefore illegal. During the electoral season (September 2020 to June), assailants killed 36 candidates and 64 politicians. Organized criminal groups were implicated in numerous killings, acting with impunity and at times in collusion with corrupt federal, state, local, and security officials. The increase in domestic violence cases that began during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic continued. In 2019 legislators passed a constitutional reform recognizing Afro-Mexicans as an ethnic group. Federal law provides for freedom of internal movement, foreign travel, emigration, and repatriation, and the government generally respected these rights. 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Mexico, An official website of the United States Government, https://www.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data/reported-cases, https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report/, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/findings/, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods. Most formal-sector workers (70 percent) received between one and three times the minimum wage. Five states have laws that restrict the publishing of political caricatures or memes. These laws were seldom applied. From January to August the Mexican Commission to Assist Refugees (COMAR) received 77,559 applications for refugee status, a 41 percent increase from the same period in 2019, and anticipated that it would receive up to 120,000 applications in total by the end of the year. The OSAC Registry is a repository of high-quality, technically sound published and proposed standards for forensic science. Through a nationwide assessment process, the National Search Commission (CNB) revised the governments official number of missing or disappeared persons repeatedly as additional data became available. Zone 18 and the city of Villa Nueva in Guatemala City due to crime. The 911 hotline received 139,554 calls reporting incidents of violence against women from January to June, an increase of 6 percent over the same months in 2020. The National Guard, which began operations in 2019, is a civilian institution reporting to the Secretariat of Public Security and Civil Protection. Cape Town, South Africa. On October 1, a judge sentenced Fidel Figueroa, mayor of Zacualpan, state of Mexico, to 236 years in prison for murder. The government worked with UNHCR to improve access to refugee status and the procedure to determine refugee status, reception conditions for vulnerable migrants and refugee applicants, and integration in local communities (including access to school, work, and other social services) for those approved for refugee and complementary protection status. In June the government amended the General Law on Womens Access to a Life Free of Violence to include media and digital violence as a form of violence against women. On April 24, congress approved a reform to the labor law aimed at banning subcontracting of personnel for core or main economic activities in the public and private sectors. As of August 25, former governor of Chihuahua Cesar Duarte was awaiting an extradition decision. Contents1 Where does Cuba rank in [] As of July the CNB reported that there were 89,572 missing or disappeared persons in the country. With no access to schools or child care, many workers took their children to work in the fields. In July unknown assailants abducted and killed Aranza Ramos in the state of Sonora. The reforms establish a four-year timeline for implementation designed to end May 1, 2023, but the government established an accelerated timeline to complete implementation by May 2022 and remained on track to meet that goal. Luxembourg 2020 OSAC Crime & Safety Report This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in. Yet, the 2022 outlook for both the rule of law and public safety in Mexico and meaningful U.S.-Mexico security cooperation remains bleak. Venezuela 2020 Crime & Safety Report This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office for the U.S. Embassy in Caracas. Significant human rights issues included credible reports of: unlawful or arbitrary killings by police, military, and other governmental officials; forced disappearance by government agents; torture and degrading treatment by security forces; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest or detention; restrictions on free expression and media, including violence against journalists; acts of corruption; insufficient investigation of and accountability for gender-based violence, including but not limited to domestic and intimate partner violence; crimes involving violence or threats of violence targeting persons with disabilities; and crimes involving violence or threats of violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex persons. 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