Let us examine three of these Filipino values from the exogenous and indigenous perspectives. Filipino-Americans are not Filipinos since they are not legitimate culture bearers. Enriquez (1985, 1992) set out to deine the major characteristics of Sikolohiyang For example, in the method of pagtatanong-tanong (literally, asking questions, marked by casualness when in fact, the researcher is truly determined to get answers to his questions), the research participants are free to ask the researcher as many questions as they want, therefore acting much like a researcher themselves. Filipino subjects are more susceptible to hypnotic suggestions and enter into altered She compared the pakikipagkuwentuhan of the 1980s to that of the 1990s and corrected the mistaken notion that this is used only for sensitive and difficult topics/issues. Lapen a, Church, Carlota, & Katigbak, 1998). Psycho-medical Religious Psychology (Sikolohiyang Siko-medikal): This tradition fuses native healing techniques and explicates it in an indigenous religious context. this article.) In fact, the word indigenization is erroneous because how can you indigenize something which is already indigenous? status of psychology in the Philippines. For example, if one is regarded as ibang-tao, the Another area of application was in providing psychological help to children in especially difficult circumstances such as children in situations of armed conflict, street children, prostituted children, etc. Since the articles in the book were in both Filipino and English, the book was given an English subtitle, Filipino Psychology: Theory, Method and Application. Association for Filipino Psychology), as well as several monographs by the PPRTH. In the context of evaluating a persons personality using these core values, a Filipino is said to possess a pleasant personality, that is, living up to Filipino values and culture, if he or she acts in accordance with and from the motive of these core values. As stated earlier Sikolohiyang Filipino has become a breakthrough to world psychology. . The two articles included in the storyboard explain the resistance. Psychology faculty meeting in 1970, Lagmay asked the staff who would like to teach psychology in Filipino. version of the originally borrowed test was produced. Companies have also become more conscious of a management style that is appropriate and suited to Filipinos. For centuries, Filipino behavior has been This suggests that " Sikolohiyang Pilipino " is important because it helps Filipinos understand their personality and culture, which provides Filipinos a better sense of identity that allows them to separately identify themselves from foreign influences. (Enriquez, 1976). There are two categories of kapwa: the Ibang-Tao (outsider) and the Hindi-Ibang-Tao (one-of-us). The reaction to the use of Filipino was varied. ethical responsibility of researchers should be to the people and not to their They visit the indigenous healers for She looked into the essential elements articulated in Sikolohiyang Pilipino in discovering the richness of indigenous knowledge, beliefs and practices as related to the various applications and areas of grassroots leadership formation. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. They look down on people on the He emphasized kapwa (shared identity) as core Greater importance is attached to kamalayan (psyche), thus subsidiary importance attached to ulirat (lower level of physical consciousness). One essential ability that researchers must possess, whatever method they are using, is pakikiramdam, a special kind of sensitivity to cues which will guide them in their interaction with group members, especially with Filipinos who are used to indirect and non-verbal manner of communicating and expressing thoughts, attitudes, feelings and emotions. concept of leadership among the grassroots Filipinos by developing a new Pakikisama vs. pakikipagkapwa. Non-government organizations involved in community education particularly in The analysis-wholeness issue is not a big issue in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. On a more personal note, he pointed to the contradiction in Enriquezs pro-Filipino views and convictions while at the same time writing in English for an Western audience. This attitude In his can you indigenize something which is already indigenous? Although Tangco does not say so, he is implying that Sikolohiyang Pilipinos Sibley (1965), an American scholar, translated hiya as shame. (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk- concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio- Tatlong anyo ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino Ayon kay Dr. Virgilio Enriquez, mayroong tatlong anyo ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas, Sikolohiya ng Pilipino, at Sikolohiyang Pilipino. This conventional interpretation of hiya is inadequate because it does not take into Like how our culture did. In 1978, Sikolohiyang Pilipino as a subject was instituted and ofered at the The Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective interprets bahala na differently. Pakiramdam is described as an all-important "shared inner perception" that compliments the "shared identity" of kapwa. was the first university to offer it. places; the 1997 one was in Puerto Princesa in Palawan. that developing a particularistic psychology such as Filipino psychology is not anti- Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) refers to the psychology born out of the experience, thought and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full use of Filipino culture and language. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer.By default we've enabled the "Distraction-Free" mode, but you can change it back to "Regular", using this dropdown. It is said that case should be read two times. Sikolohiyang Pilipino. meanings of the word hiya depending on its form nakakahiya (embarrassing), categorized as hindi-ibang-tao, then you can expect pakikipagpalagayang-loob 2. Thus there were conferences held in Tacloban, Bicol, Marawi and other Initial work on developing Sikolohiyang Pilipino concentrated on a type of indigenization which is based largely on simple translation of concepts, methods, theories and measures into Filipino. As such, it includes in its study the IKSP of healing from the babaylan and arbolaryos (native shamans and healers), as well as the religio-political approaches of Filipino mystics and folk heroes, and other ancestral ways of knowing. Enriquez (1992) also explored the idea of a great cultural divide in the analysis of Filipino personality. especially diicult circumstances such as children in situations of armed conlict, considers the similarity of observations of phenomena and diverse cultural emotions. Although Sikolohiyang Pilipino applies specifically to the Pilipino community, it is a stepping-stone towards the development of an all-inclusive practice, "Psychology is too important to be left to the psychologist alone" (Pe-Pua & Protacio-Marcelino 54) so it must be a collective practice and experience. It was long believed that coming-out as lesbians, gays, or bisexuals (LGB) is psychologically healthy. Thus, one does not question a textbook with the title Introduction to Psychology used to teach undergraduate psychology students in the Philippines, when the correct title perhaps should be Introduction to American Psychology. Zeus Salazar (1985a), a historian, later examined the history of Sikolohiyang Pilipino and came up with a description of the four filiations of Philippine psychology: Enriquez (1985, 1992) set out to define the major characteristics of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Today, a large percentage of classes at the Department are conducted in Filipino, whether completely or partially. out as one of the irst, if not the irst, instruments that are culturally sensitive in its On the science-humanism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is concerned with both. phenomenological orientation is not scientiic and cannot pass the scientiic in sophistication (bakya refers to the traditional wooden clogs, popular among the Since the inception of Sikolohiyang Pilipino there has been a number of issues and concerns articulated by its proponents and critics. 9. He basically questioned Sikolohiyang Pilipinos position on the issue of universality and asserts that Sikolohiyang Pilipino, although it claims to contribute to universal knowledge, has not shown sufficient proof of its contribution or even proof that such knowledge exists in any given culture. This was the time of the First Quarter Storm in the Philippines. It is important to note, however, that we are not implying that the PPP and PUP scales listed in each domain will actually identify the corresponding Big Five dimensions in factor analyses of these scales. Ang Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas ay tumutukoy sa lahat ng mga pa-aaral, libro, at sikolohiyang makikita sa Pilipinas, banyaga man o makapilipino. type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed Impact on the teaching of psychology in the Philippines, In a U. David taught psychology in Filipino the year before he left to pursue his Ph.D. at Temple University in Pennsylvania. scholars have captured. In a U.P. process of writing his Ph. ), Initial work on developing Sikolohiyang Pilipino concentrated on a type of This steering emotion triggers the spontaneous voluntary actions that come with the sharing of the self. , n data over a period of time.2.a bar graph works similarly with a line graph,but it only differs in the use of bars of different heights to show different values.3.a circle graph or pie graph is used to present for porportions out of the whole.4.a chart is drawing that shows organization or relationship by using words,pictures, or symbols,or a combination of all three.5.a table is the presentation of information or data in columns and rows , Speech about persons with disabilities in English. Sikolohiyang Pilipino also accommodates the traditional and contemporary Filipino arts and the findings from the fields of other social sciences (anthropology, history, humanities, linguistics, sociology, and more) as sources for psychological knowledge. appropriate and suited to Filipinos. Grace Orteza has improved on Sikolohiyang 1975 ) . Bonifacio (1976) alerted us to the different meanings of the word hiya depending on its form nakakahiya (embarrassing), napahiya (placed in an awkward position), ikinahiya (be embarrassed with someone), etc. (Enriquez, 1994a, p. 27). Scientiic and humanistic approaches are both valid. with their homeland. framework for leadership among Filipinos. This is called indigenization from within (as against indigenization from without), which means looking for the indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign body with a local dress. In the history of Philippine psychological measurement, Enriquezs Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao clearly stands out as one of the first, if not the first, instruments that are culturally sensitive in its assessment of the Filipino personality. These questions should be accorded the same respect Kaakbay means to support. In the 1970s and 1980s there were quite a number of these organizations in the United States (San Francisco and New Haven), Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and Hongkong. Nonetheless, the view of It is an emotional a priori that goes with the Filipino personhood. He even looked beyond the textbook definition of psychology as the study of behaviour and thoughts to examine what psychology means for the Filipinos. This study was to be the turning point in Philippine social research for it was in her articles (Santiago, 1975, 1977) that the pakapa-kapa (groping) approach was first introduced. It attempts to discover universals by encouraging cross-indigenous perspectives, i.e., individual cultures use methods of investigation and theories that are indigenous or appropriate to their cultures, and cross-cultural comparisons made with respect to variations in these approaches. It elaborates on indigenous research methods that are more relevant and appropriate to Philippine realities. when put together eventually leads to the formation of universal knowledge in This may serve as a this was initiated when Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez returned to the Philippines from psychology in the service of all mankind, but with special emphasis on the And as it became a first indegeneous psychology ever thought at a university. which were conducted in Filipino because they were used to speaking English inside The principal emphasis ofSikolohiyang Pilipinois to foster national identity andconsciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. Enriquez on the basic principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, especially the importance For example, having somebody else butt in in the middle of an interview session is not something to be upset over; one should go through the process of getting to know each other first informally before asking questions on topics that are not that common to people. held at the Abelardo Auditorium at U. Professors Fredegusto David and Amaryllis Torres responded to Lagmays call. But looking at utang na loob more closely in the context of Filipino culture, it It is methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a bias for wholeness. when a debt has been fully paid, so that the relationship becomes an ongoing one. Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. particularly in the area of personality measurement. The first faculty member to teach the course was Jose Ma. As a movement, Sikolohiyang Pilipino purposes to balance prevalent uncritical dependence on American-centered educational models in studyingPhilippine/ Asian social realities. (post colonial) perspective. These dishes are some of my favorites. 1995; Lopez, 1996) In other words, the body of knowledge is there. Pilipino and charting its direction, Enriquez spearheaded several activities that have experience has proven that approaching psychology using these models cannot information and understanding (isip), habits and behavior (another meaning of It is not necessarily a burden as the word debt connotes, because in the Filipino pattern of interpersonal relations, there is always an opportunity to return a favor. Most of these texts are available in the vernacular, but even in German and English. (Indigenous Filipino Values, n.d.). Initially, she used the terminologies recommended by the National Science Development Board. On the mentalism-behaviorism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino admits both but with Estrada-Claudios radical postmodern feminist thinking dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western enculturation/socialization, and proto- clinical practice). then feels an obligation to repay the debt in the future when the helper himself (sic) However, this does not mean that one has to set aside and ignore the specific aspects of man associated with his culture (p. 27). On the other hand, another type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed to capture or express a truly Filipino psychology. Sylvia Estrada-Claudio (1997) was also critical of the notions of indigenous cultural translated into the local language, modiied in content, so that a Philippine-type One simply has to recognize, appreciate and emphasize this in a continuum. eforts have in fact come a long way, as can be seen in the history of psychological *If you want to look for other topics (English or Tagalog), search here: Check out: Jose Rizals Collaborations with Other HeroesbyJensen DG. pakikipagkapwa which means treating the other person as kapwa or fellow human given situation in the spirit of pakikipagkapwa. Unfortunately, psychology is still a far from that goal in spite of over a hundred years of scientific research, said Enriquez (1987, p. 279). First, there should be a psychological tradition in Philippine culture before one can say that there is such a concept as Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SP hereafter), an intellectual and social movement (San Juan, 2006) amongst Filipino scholars, is a response to a perceived level of cultural insensitivity, inadequacy. Enriquezs PUP and three other examples of Philippine personality measures may and the measurement of abilities and aptitudes, and of deviant behavior. the core concept of Enriquezs kapwa psychology. (inter- action with), to pakikilahok (joining/participating), to pakikibagay (in- (Read more: A Moral Recovery Program: Building a PeopleBuilding a Nation by Patricia Licuanan). Pioneering eforts were made by Elizabeth Several materials in the different areas of psychology were published. language in psychology consistently and continuously, inspiring others to follow. Bakit unti-unti ng nababawasan ang wikang kapampangan. From these researches, a two-volume bibliography on Filipino psychology and a locally developed personality test, Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (Measure of Character and Personality), were produced. He wrote: once AKO starts thinking of himself as separate from KAPWA, the Filipino self gets to be individuated as in the Western sense and, in effect, denies the status of KAPWA to the other. (Enriquez, as quoted in Kapwahan, n.d.). invariably sufers from the comparison in not too subtle attempts to put forward overseas. We put forward now that what is generally considered as universal psychology is based on the psychology of industrialized and developed countries of the West. Pakikiramdam is especially useful in conducting research in the rural areas. This is precisely what Virgilio Enriquez (1975) pushed for as he initiated Sikolohiyang Pilipino. It thus poses as a great challenge for non-Filipinos to read these messages communicated indirectly, or rather, nonverbally. (There are many other examples which are discussed further in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. With some affixes, it becomes negative, e.g., napahiya; with others, positive, e.g., mahiyain (shy); and in still other forms, it can either be positive or negative depending on the context, e.g., kahihiyan (sense of propriety, or embarrassment). standards of objectivity, reliability and validity understood of course from a logico- It is therefore important for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to take a more critical that they do not buckle down. Halimbawa:Ang aklat na galing sa ibang bansa at inilagay sa isang silid-aklatan dito sa Pilipinas ay maaring maging isang bahagi na ng silid- aklatang iyon. truly determined to get answers to his questions), the research participants are free (In fact the authors believe that regionalism is a myth, woven to sow disunity among Filipinos.) information on both published and unpublished work in the area of psychological participants actually have an input in the research process itself in terms of time Their of speciic products and understanding consumer behavior. Signiicant among these is the issue of Filipino-Americans. United States (San Francisco and New Haven), Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and Reservations regarding the appropriateness and applicability of Western models in the Third World setting have been expressed by a growing number of social scientists (Enriquez, 1987, 1992; Diaz-Guerrero, 1977; Sinha, 1984). The primary purpose was to equip teachers with materials that would facilitate the use of Filipino in psychology subjects. Evidently, it is the external aspect which foreign questions Sikolohiyang Pilipinos methodology and practice and traces the problem While the elite speak English and occasionally throw in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional language (Enriquez, 1992, p. 22). patterns and value structure where he designated hiya(propriety/ dignity), utang 22 " Psychology is too important to be left to the psychologists alone. Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP, National Association for Filipino Bulatao (1978, cited in Enriquez, 1992), for example, made the following observations regarding counselling in the Philippines: Filipinos are freer to be themselves when in a sympathetic group of friends than in a one on one situation. Thus, the area of Filipino personality developed as a strong area using the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective. the textbook deinition of psychology as the study of behaviour and thoughts to industrial psychology, health psychology instead of clinical psychology. Although Tangco does not say so, he is implying that Sikolohiyang Pilipinos phenomenological orientation is not scientific and cannot pass the scientific standards of objectivity, reliability and validity understood of course from a logico-positivist framework. Breakthrough to world psychology situation in the storyboard explain the resistance an indigenous Religious context sa Pilipinas ay sa! Was instituted and ofered at the Abelardo Auditorium at U. Professors Fredegusto David and Amaryllis Torres responded to call... Which means treating the other person as kapwa or fellow human given situation in Philippines... Man o makapilipino word indigenization is erroneous because how can you indigenize something which is already?. 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