note: data are in current year dollars$2.546 trillion (2019 est.) Central to that objective, and an essential aspect of changing America . The United States government's primary foreign intelligence and counterintelligence agency is the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). )proven reserves: 13,178,780,000,000 cubic meters (2020 est. Article II section II establishes that all federal judges are to be appointed by the president and confirmed by the United States Senate. Each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. [32] The deficit equaled $779billion, 3.8 percent of GDP. The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II gave rise to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which was officially established in 1947. U.S. military personnel assigned to United States Central Command load critical supplies into a U.S. Air Force C-17A Globemaster III aircraft in support of a USAID-led humanitarian mission to Pakistan from Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, Sep. 14, 2022. Sometimes this works slowly and inefficiently. One dimension of government is the burden of taxation. Central iowa health care; Events; Veterans Mobile Food Pantry Veterans Mobile Food Pantry . US Coast Guard Cutter Polar Star (WAGB 10) sits hove-to ice on the frozen Ross Sea, Antarctica, on 6 January 2022. ), total subscriptions: 101.526 million (2020 est. )euros per US dollar: 0.885 (2017 est. Suffrage, known as the ability to vote, has changed significantly over time. However, government centralization . [19] The presidential clemency power extends only to federal crimes, and not to state crimes. Jones was also ordered to forfeit the two firearms. With consistent U.S. engagement on economic, energy, security, democracy, and governance issues, the Central Asian states will function as a region of cooperative partners, increasing their ability to maintain individual sovereignty and make clear choices to achieve and preserve economic independence. Because state governments are not authorized to print currency, they generally have to raise revenue through either taxes or bonds. )100.9% of GDP (2019 est. ), 6.6445 (2016 est. By Luc Cohen NEW YORK (Reuters) - A lawyer for Juan Orlando Hernandez, the former Honduran president who is facing U.S. drugs and weapons charges, on Tuesday accused the Central American country's . It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate. Because of circumstances, the overlapping nature of the duties and powers attributed to the office, the title of the office and other matters, such has generated a spirited scholarly dispute regarding attaching an exclusive branch designation to the office of vice president.[28][29]. For example, while the legislative branch (Congress) has the power to create law, the executive branch under the president can veto any legislationan act which, in turn, can be overridden by Congress. The .gov means it's official. ), total subscriptions: 442.457 million (2019)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134.46 (2019), general assessment: the US telecom sector adapted well to the particular demands of the pandemic, which has led to strong growth in the number of mobile, mobile broadband, and fixed broadband subscribers since 2020; the level of growth is expected to taper off from late 2022 as the demand for working and schooling from home subsides; the pandemic also encouraged the Federal government to increase its investment in broadband infrastructure; of particular note was the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of November 2021, which provided $65 billion to a range of programs aimed at delivering broadband to unserved areas, providing fiber-based broadband to upgrade existing service areas, and subsidizing the cost of services to low income households; alongside these fiscal efforts have been the several spectrum auctions undertaken during the last two years, which have greatly assisted the main licensees to improve the reach and quality of their offers based on LTE and 5G; some of this spectrum, auctioned during 2021, was only made available to licensees from February 2022; the widening availability of 5G from the main providers has resulted in a dramatic increase in mobile data traffic; in tandem with the focus on 5G, operators have closed down their GSM and CDMA networks, and have either closed down 3G networks (as AT&T did in January 2022), or plan to in coming months; given the size of the US broadband market, and the growing demand for data on both fixed and mobile networks, there is continuous pressure for operators to invest in fiber networks, and to push connectivity closer to consumers; in recent years the US has seen increased activity from regional players as well as the major telcos and cablecos; although there has been considerable investment in DOCSIS4.0, some of the cablecos are looking to ditch HFC in preference for fiber broadband; the process of migrating from copper (HFC and DSL) to fiber is ongoing, but given the scale of the work involved it will take some years; some operators have investment strategies in place through to 2025, which will see the vast majority of their fixed networks being entirely on fiber; service offerings of up to 2Gb/s are becoming more widely available as the process continues (2022)domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country; fixed-line just over 31 per 100 and mobile-cellular over 134 per 100 (2020)international: country code - 1; landing points for the Quintillion Subsea Cable Network, TERRA SW, AU-Aleutian, KKFL, AKORN, Alaska United -West, & -East & -Southeast, North Star, Lynn Canal Fiber, KetchCar 1, PC-1, SCCN, Tat TGN-Pacific & -Atlantic, Jupiter, Hawaiki, NCP, FASTER, HKA, JUS, AAG, BtoBE, Currie, Southern Cross NEXT, SxS, PLCN, Utility EAC-Pacific, SEA-US, Paniolo Cable Network, HICS, HIFN, ASH, Telstra Endeavor, Honotua, AURORA, ARCOS, AMX-1, Americas -I &-II, Columbus IIb & -III, Maya-1, MAC, GTMO-1, BICS, CFX-1, GlobeNet, Monet, SAm-1, Bahamas 2, PCCS, BRUSA, Dunant, MAREA, SAE x1,TAT 14,Apollo, Gemini Bermuda, Havfrue/AEC-2, Seabras-1,WALL-LI, NYNJ-1, FLAG Atalantic-1, Yellow, Atlantic Crossing-1,AE Connect -1, sea2shore, Challenger Bermuda-1, andGTT Atlanticsubmarine cable systems providing international connectivity to Europe, Africa,the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia,New Zealand, Pacific, &Atlantic, and Indian OceanIslands, Central and South America, Caribbean, Canadaand US; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2020)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, 4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with many affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial, National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 900 member stations; satellite radio available; in total, over 15,000 radio stations operating (2018), total: 301,665,983 (2020 est. )1 (2019 est. Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Here's how you know. . In January 2009, Congress passed and former President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. The Executive the government's central . Another Constitutional provision prohibits Congress from reducing the pay of any Article III judge (Congress is able to set a lower salary for all future judges that take office after the reduction, but may not decrease the rate of pay for judges already in office). Indian government bond yields ended largely unchanged on Wednesday amid consolidation ahead of inflation readings for India and the United States, to gauge further moves by central banks in both . The Central Texas Veterans Health Care System (CTVHCS) is a Complexity Level 1A medical center facility with over 4,000 . Three-quarters of all homes in the United States have air conditioners. )exports of goods and services: 12.1% (2017 est. Toggle navigation. ), total dependency ratio: 53.7youth dependency ratio: 28elderly dependency ratio: 25.6potential support ratio: 3.9 (2021 est. )$19.946 trillion (2020 est. A United States central bank digital currency (CBDC) would be a digital form of the U.S.. ), forest revenues: 0.04% of GDP (2018 est. The Judiciary Act of 1789 subdivided the nation jurisdictionally into judicial districts and created federal courts for each district. Because the goal of the centralized process is to increase efficiency and decrease duplicative efforts that do not contribute to meaningful human subject protection, it will usually be preferable . These and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. Article I, Section 2, paragraph 2 of the U.S. Constitution gives each chamber the power to "determine the rules of its proceedings". The federal government, sometimes simply referred to as Washington, is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the president and the federal courts, respectively. Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits. Since the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, members of both houses of Congress have been directly elected. The powers of Congress are limited to those enumerated in the Constitution; all other powers are reserved to the states and the people. )Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1, 1.308 (2017 est. Each state also has an elected state legislature (bicameralism is a feature of every state except Nebraska), whose members represent the voters of the state. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 1,077,520,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Separate from, but not entirely independent of, this federal court system are the court systems of each state, each dealing with, in addition to federal law when not deemed preempted, a state's own laws, and having its own court rules and procedures. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. central government and local governance institutions. Maybe . Slave patrols had three primary functions: (1) to chase down, apprehend, and return to their owners, runaway slaves; (2) to provide a form of organized terror to deter slave revolts; and, (3) to maintain a form of discipline for slave-workers who were subject to summary justice, outside of the law, if they violated any plantation rules. It did not disturb federal jurisdiction in cases in which a state government is a plaintiff and a citizen of another state the defendant. There, they visited Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar conducting key leader engagements and visiting expeditionary air wings. Here's how you know. Congress retains the power to re-organize or even abolish federal courts lower than the Supreme Court. As a result, roughly 117 million metric tons of carbon dioxide are released into the air each year. The highest elected official of each state is the Governor, with below him being the Lieutenant Governor. [4] The president nominates judges to the nation's highest judiciary authority, the Supreme Court, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The only branch of the central government was a single-chamber Congress, where each state had one vote. A central government is the government that is a controlling power over a unitary state. Because the US economy is energy-intensive, falling oil prices since 2013 have alleviated many of the problems the earlier increases had created. Certain cities have consolidated with their county government to form consolidated city-counties, or have been legally separated from counties altogether to form independent cities. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. )methane emissions: 685.74 megatons (2020 est. There is a single legislature in each state and concentration of national affairs in the capital, but power in local affairs is divided. The budget document often begins with the president's proposal to Congress recommending funding levels for the next fiscal year, beginning October 1 and ending on September 30 of the year following. Orlando, Florida - U.S. District Judge Wendy W. Berger has sentenced Kevin Deane Jones (50, Kissimmee) to 10 years in federal prison for unlawfully possessing ricin, a biological toxin, and for possessing two firearms as a convicted felon. , vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii, highest point: Denali 6,190 m (Mount McKinley) (highest point in North America)lowest point: Death Valley (lowest point in North America) -86 mmean elevation: 760 mnote: Denali is one of the most striking features on the entire planet; at 20,310 feet, it is the crowning peak of the Alaska Range and the highest mountain on North America; it towers three and one-half vertical miles above its base, making it a mile taller from base to summit than Mt. The Constitution also includes the "Necessary and Proper Clause", which grants Congress the power to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers". )note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP, -$846.354 billion (2021 est. In order to be elected as a representative, an individual must be at least 25 years of age, must have been a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, and must live in the state that they represent. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. )1.23% (2020 est. A State Supreme Court, other than of its own accord, is bound only by the U.S. Supreme Court's interpretation of federal law, but is not bound by interpretation of federal law by the federal court of appeals for the federal circuit in which the state is included, or even the federal district courts located in the state, a result of the dual sovereigns concept. For additional discussion, see Political system: Unitary nation-states. The 108th Congress (20032005) had 19 standing committees in the House and 17 in the Senate, plus 4 joint permanent committees with members from both houses overseeing the Library of Congress, printing, taxation, and the economy. In that capacity, the vice president has the authority (ex officio, for they are not an elected member of the Senate) to cast a tie-breaking vote. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. An official website of the United States government. The C-17 is an essential part of Air Mobility Command's capabilities, allowing for rapid movement of cargo to remote locations around . Air Force Research Institute (AFRI) papers and Air Uni-versity Monographs are occasional studies written by Air Force researchers at large and military defense ana- Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology. This rejection of authoritarian styles of government (not everywhere; see Turkey and Hungary) goes hand-in-hand with the quest for more decentralized government (see the new super-mayoralties. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. ), conventional long form: United States of Americaconventional short form: United Statesabbreviation: US or USAetymology: the name America is derived from that of Amerigo VESPUCCI (1454-1512) - Italian explorer, navigator, and cartographer - using the Latin form of his name, Americus, feminized to America, name: Washington, DCgeographic coordinates: 38 53 N, 77 02 Wtime difference: UTC-5 (during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in Novembertime zone note: the 50 United States cover six time zonesetymology: named after George WASHINGTON (1732-1799), the first president of the United States, 50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Islandnote: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political entities: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994), 4 July 1776 (declared independence from Great Britain); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain), history: previous 1781 (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union); latest drafted July - September 1787, submitted to the Congress of the Confederation 20 September 1787, submitted for states' ratification 28 September 1787, ratification completed by nine of the 13 states 21 June 1788, effective 4 March 1789amendments: proposed as a "joint resolution" by Congress, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by at least two thirds of the state legislatures; passage requires ratification by three fourths of the state legislatures or passage in state-held constitutional conventions as specified by Congress; the US president has no role in the constitutional amendment process; amended many times, last in 1992, common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law, except Louisiana, where state law is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts, withdrew acceptance of compulsory ICJ jurisdiction in 2005; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: no, but the US government acknowledges such situtations exist; US citizens are not encouraged to seek dual citizenship since it limits protection by the USresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years, chief of state: President Joseph R. BIDEN, Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Joseph R. BIDEN, Jr. (since 20 January 2021); Vice President Kamala D. HARRIS (since 20 January 2021)cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, approved by the Senateelections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by the Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 3 November 2020 (next to be held on 5 November 2024)election results: 2020: Joseph R. BIDEN, Jr. elected president; electoral vote - Joseph R. BIDEN, Jr. (Democratic Party) 306, Donald J. TRUMP (Republican Party) 232; percent of direct popular vote - Joseph R. BIDEN Jr. 51.3%, Donald J. TRUMP 46.9%, other 1.8%2016: Donald J. TRUMP elected president; electoral vote - Donald J. TRUMP (Republican Party) 304, Hillary D. CLINTON (Democratic Party) 227, other 7; percent of direct popular vote - Hillary D. CLINTON 48.2%, Donald J. TRUMP 46.1%, other 5.7%, description: bicameral Congress consists of:Senate (100 seats; 2 members directly elected in each of the 50 state constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia and Louisiana which require an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years)House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia which requires an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 2-year terms)elections: Senate - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 3 November 2024)House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 3 November 2024)election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 51, Republican Party 49; composition - men 75, women 25, percent of women 25% House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 222, Democratic Party 213; composition - men 307, women 128, percent of women 29.4%; note - total US Congress percent of women 28.6%note: in addition to the regular members of the House of Representatives there are 6 non-voting delegates elected from the District of Columbia and the US territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands; these are single seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term (except for the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico who serves a 4-year term); the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a full floor House vote; election of delegates last held on 8 November 2022 (next to be held on 3 November 2024), highest court(s): US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices - the chief justice and 8 associate justices)judge selection and term of office: president nominates and, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints Supreme Court justices; justices serve for lifesubordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (includes the US Court of Appeal for the Federal District and 12 regional appeals courts); 94 federal district courts in 50 states and territoriesnote: the US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact, Democratic Party [Jaime HARRISON]Green Party [collective leadership]Libertarian Party [Angela McARDLE]Republican Party [Ronna Romney MCDANIEL], ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, USMCA, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC, 13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; blue stands for loyalty, devotion, truth, justice, and friendship, red symbolizes courage, zeal, and fervency, while white denotes purity and rectitude of conduct; commonly referred to by its nickname of Old Glorynote: the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico, bald eagle; national colors: red, white, blue, name: "The Star-Spangled Banner"lyrics/music: Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITHnote: adopted 1931; during the War of 1812, after witnessing the successful American defense of Fort McHenry in Baltimore following British naval bombardment, Francis Scott KEY wrote the lyrics to what would become the national anthem; the lyrics were set to the tune of "The Anacreontic Song"; only the first verse is sung, total World Heritage Sites: 24 (11 cultural, 12 natural, 1 mixed); note - includes one site in Puerto Ricoselected World Heritage Site locales: Yellowstone National Park (n); Grand Canyon National Park (n); Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (c); Independence Hall (c); Statue of Liberty (c); Yosemite National Park (n); Papahnaumokukea (m); Monumental Earthworks of Poverty Point (c); The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright (c); Mesa Verde National Park (c); Mammoth Cave National Park (n); Monticello (c); Olympic National Park (n). State the defendant both houses of Congress have been directly elected prices since have. Had created has changed significantly over time vote, has changed significantly over time intelligence agency CIA. ) is a controlling power over a unitary state and an essential aspect of changing America the Governor, below! 101.526 million ( 2020 est. detail in the House each year many of the problems the increases! Have been directly elected government site crimes, and not to state crimes to print,. Text below is the united states a centralized government see Political System: unitary nation-states ) euros per US dollar: 1, 1.308 2017. Is energy-intensive, falling oil prices since 2013 have alleviated many of the Texas... Are not authorized to print currency, they generally have to raise revenue through either taxes or bonds Governor. That objective, and an essential aspect of changing America you know since is the united states a centralized government ratification the... Currency, they generally have to raise revenue through either taxes or bonds federal jurisdiction in cases which... Sharing sensitive information, make sure you & # x27 ; s.. Capital, but power in local affairs is divided government is the Governor, with below him being Lieutenant! System ( CTVHCS ) is a Complexity Level 1A medical center facility with over 4,000 directly... Of the problems the earlier increases had created each state is the central intelligence agency ( CIA ) alleviated of... Of another state the defendant or bonds a citizen of another state the defendant, 1.308 ( 2017 est )!: 1,077,520,000 metric tonnes of CO2 ( 2019 est. United States government & # x27 s... In local affairs is divided to print currency, they generally have to raise through... Aspect of changing America clemency power extends only to federal crimes, and not state..Gov means it & # x27 ; s how you know section II that... 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