A pair of U-boats sank a total of 28,488 tons of shipping on the night of 89 March. In 1808, Prince August became the head of the Prussian artillery and together with Scharnhorst worked on reorganizing and modernizing the branch. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 199), 85-108. This is a carousel with slides. [21], The damage was severe enough to force Scharnhorst to put into Trondheim for temporary repairs. Count Wilhelm zu Schaumburg-Lippe was himself one of the eighteenth centurys advanced military thinkers and educators. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. Hannahwas born in February 1840, in Germany. At 16:00 on 14 March, Scharnhorst dropped anchor in Bogen Bay outside Narvik. In just three months, from a population of less than five million, Prussia had a force of approximately 130,000 troops ready for deployment, and by fall boasted some 270,000.[18]. Even in this moment of professional triumph, Scharnhorst had to swallow a bitter pill. 1804 it was first found in the archives and published in Rudolf Stadelmann, Scharnhorst: Schicksal und Geistige Welt (Wiesbaden: Limes Verlag, 1952), 155-156. You can always change this later in your Account settings. Clausewitz, as Donald Stoker states, thoroughly imbibed the history-based analytical method of Scharnhorst.[19]. Christian was born in 1808, in Hannover, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Deutschland. If you know of things missing or have corrections, please log in and submit them. By a streak of good luck, Carl von Clausewitz belonged to Scharnhorsts first class at the Kriegsakademie. The first went through each deck and exited the ship through the double bottom, while the other was deflected by the torpedo bulkhead and penetrated the hull beneath the side belt armor. Have a response or an idea for your own article? Temporary repairs allowed Scharnhorst to return to 22 knots (41km/h; 25mph). Attributed to having been responsible for sending tens of thousands to their deaths, avoided justice by working for the Allied powers as an "Intelligence Source" on the Soviets. View Full Report . [23][24] Six minutes after opening fire, Scharnhorst scored a hit at a range of 25,600m (28,000yd; 15.9mi). The ship was now fighting with only two-thirds of her main battery. Such an officer might even present a danger to the organization and the commander he was assigned to support. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. The Reformer and His Circle She managed to add 5,000m (5,500yd) to the distance between her and Duke of York, while straddling the ship with several salvos. Learn more about merges. Yelp is a fun and easy way to find, recommend and talk about what's great and not so great in Neustadt and beyond. ). Father of Hinrich Scharnhorst; Jochen Scharnhorst; Becke Margarethe Gloistein and Engelbert Scharnhorst. In his instructions to Bey, Dnitz advised him to break off the engagement if presented with superior forces, but to remain aggressive. Yet, he is primarily known as a teacher and mentor to the Wests most influential strategic thinker, Carl von Clausewitzespecially among those less versed in German language and history. Even Clausewitz, his most adoring student openly commented on the matter: Scharnhorsts speech was actually clumsyA long-winded, vague, and halting speaker was the first impressionElegant society, not excepting some able and intelligent men, considered him a dry scholar and pedant; the army took him for an indecisive, impractical, unmilitary scribbler.[8]. It too failed to detonate, and passed through the side of the hull, which was not protected by the main armor belt. The underwater survey vessel Sverdrup II, operated by the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, was used to scan the sea floor. The forward and rear gun turrets were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery. Echoing his mentors approach to teaching in On War, Clausewitz wrote that theory is meant to educate the mind of the future commander, or, more accurately, to guide him in his self-education, not to accompany him to the battlefield; just as a wise teacher guides and stimulates a young mans intellectual development, but is careful not to lead him by the hand for the rest of his life.[10]. [34] He instead turned toward the mid-Atlantic, where Scharnhorst sank the Greek cargo ship Marathon. The most famous act of the turbulent era, the Oktoberedikt from 1807, aimed at overhauling the ineffective and backward Prussian agrarian system and releasing the economic and patriotic energies of its subjects. [25] They also sank the two destroyers. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. Friedrich Armand Strubberg: Carl Scharnhorst. [69], At 16:17, Duke of York made radar contact with Scharnhorst; thirty minutes later, Belfast illuminated the German battleship with star shells. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? At 19:45, the ship went down by the bow, with her propellers still slowly turning. Erich Bey, by now promoted to Konteradmiral, was given command of the task force. Simultaneously, Scharnhorst created the Military Society (Militrische Gesellschaft), where many of the ideas and personalities would emerge that later transformed the Prussian Army and ultimately led it to its victory over Napoleon. [2] We will offer the first English translations of some of these texts. Blamed for the disaster at Jena-Auerstedt Prussias aging military brass was pushed out of the service in a swift and shocking move. Landline number (734) 769-8259 . Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. [65] At 08:40, Belfast picked up Scharnhorst on her radar. Shortly after 08:30 on 8 February, lookouts spotted convoy HX 106, escorted by the battleship Ramillies. While his position as a mentor to Clausewitz is of no small significance, Scharnhorst deserves recognition for his ideas, and they should be studied in their own right. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Scharnhorst was appointed to helm the Institute in the Military Science for Young Infantry and Cavalry Officers in Berlin, perhaps better known as the Kriegsakademie. [57] Fraser in the powerful battleship Duke of York, along with the cruiser Jamaica and four destroyers, moved to a position southwest of Scharnhorst to block a possible escape attempt. Scharnhorst ) ( ) . Later on, the veteran soldiers were sent permanently home as reserves and called for annual training only, while the younger ones assumed regular service. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. His tenure as the ship's commander was brief; in September 1939, an illness forced him to go on sick leave, and he was replaced by KzS Kurt-Caesar Hoffmann. by Peter Paret and Daniel Moran. [31] One of the surviving ships radioed the location of the German battleships, which summoned the powerful British battleships Rodney and King George V. Scharnhorst and Gneisenau used their high speed to escape in a squall, and the intervention by the British battleships convinced Ltjens that the chances of further success were small. The ice had been cleared by noon, permitting Scharnhorst's entrance to Wilhelmshaven. Please enter a valid Memorial ID. [62], On 22 December Dnitz ordered Bey to be ready to go to sea on a three-hour notice. [5] On 1 April 1942, Hoffmann, who had been promoted to Konteradmiral (Rear Admiral) and awarded the Knight's Cross, transferred command of the ship to KzS Friedrich Hffmeier. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). [13] They were joined by the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper. Resend Activation Email. Boiler and turbine troubles kept the ship in Germany for the remainder of 1942. The Inspector General Administration is a criminal justice agency established in 1972 and expanded in 2015 via Executive Order No. The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militarische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805. The explosion caused splinter damage and disabled the ammunition hoists for the 37mm anti-aircraft guns. [44], On 12 January 1942, the German Naval Command, in a conference with Hitler, made the decision to return Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen to Germany. Her main battery turrets had 360mm (14in) of armor on their faces and 200mm (7.9in) on their sides. Friedrich Wilhelm also failed to embrace Scharnhorsts bold ideas for military reform. Friedrichlived in 1832, at address. 866-428-0005. [47] The fighters flew at masthead-height to avoid detection by the British radar network. These people do not know what one should dare in war. Scharnhorst and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack a convoy but British naval patrols intercepted the German force. Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. Scharnhorst lacked pedigree, and with his massive head and sturdy body looked nothing like the dashing aristocratic officers who still dominated the Prussian Army. Richard John Scharnhorst was born on month day 1895, at birth place, Illinois. Plans to replace these weapons with six 38cm (15in) SK C/34 guns in twin turrets were never carried out. Ltjens again forbade an attack, but he shadowed the convoy and directed U-boats to attack. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Admiral Hipper and the destroyers were sent to destroy Orama, a 19,500 long tons (19,800t) passenger ship, while Atlantis, a hospital ship, was allowed to proceed unmolested. Vice Admiral Otto Ciliax, Scharnhorst's first commander, was given command of the operation. Include gps location with grave photos where possible. It either had to openly switch sides, fight France with everything it had and utterly defeat Napoleon, or face national disintegration. In addition to Clausewitz, the group also included August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Hermann von Boyen, Karl von Grolman, Karl von Tiedemann, and Prince August.[13]. 1-8 (Vienna: Boelau Verlag, 2002-2014). Learn more about merges. [13], By 17:16, Rawalpindi was burning badly and in the process of sinking. [17], She was then assigned to the forces participating in Operation Weserbung, the invasion of Denmark and Norway. [11], Scharnhorst's first operation began on 21 November 1939;[13] the ship, in company with her sister Gneisenau, the light cruiser Kln, and nine destroyers, was to patrol the area between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. [27][28] Acasta also hit Scharnhorst's forward superfiring turret with her 4.7" QF guns, which did negligible damage. The honor went to the famed hussar commander Gebhard Leberecht von Blcher; Scharnhorst, as his chief of staff, still served with distinction. Search above to list available cemeteries. Please help spread the word to new readers by sharing it on social media. [16], The destruction of the Grande Arme in Russia in 1812 finally provided Prussian reformers with an opportunity to create the long-sought peoples army. by Johannes Kunisch, Michael Sikora, etc., Vol. Later that day, at around 14:30, the three ships came under attack by a force of British bombers, which failed to make any hits. [15] Scharnhorst was repaired in Wilhelmshaven, and while in dock, her boilers were overhauled. Another 300t (300 long tons; 330 short tons) tons of water flooded ten watertight spaces in four main compartments. Scharnhorst displaced 32,100 long tons (32,600t) at standard displacement and 38,100 long tons (38,700t) at full load. [14] At 16:07, lookouts aboard Scharnhorst spotted the vessel, and less than an hour later Scharnhorst had closed the range. He is a male registered to vote in Ingham County, Michigan. Heavy winds caused significant structural damage that evening, and flooding contaminated a portion of Scharnhorst's fuel stores. [31], On 15 March, the two battleships, with the two tankers in company, encountered a dispersed convoy in the mid-Atlantic. [67] By 12:00, Scharnhorst was to the northeast of the convoy, but Belfast had reestablished radar contact; it took the cruisers twenty minutes to close the range and begin firing. Bernd von Arnim, Paul Jakobi, Friedrich Eckoldt, Erich Steinbrinck, Diether von Roeder and Max Schulz. The Halifax heavy bombers of No. Meanwhile, the five German destroyers continued searching for the convoy without success. Only 36 men survived, out of a crew of 1,968. An officer with extraordinary talents and intellect, and an even more remarkable fate, Scharnhorst forever changed the path of the Prussian Army, molded the idea of the Prusso-German General Staff, and forged some of the most influential concepts in the realm of military theory and practice. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. [11] Yet, before the disaster of 1806 shook Prussia out of its lull, few men of authority were eager to listen to and implement Scharnhorsts reforms. [71], At around 18:00, another 14in shell struck the ship on the starboard side, passed through the thin upper belt armor, and exploded in the number 1 boiler room. In 1792, he published Militrisches Taschenbuch, zum Gebrauch im Felde, a tactical field guide that would influence several generations of German-speaking officers. [4] Bruce Gudmundsson, The Education of the Enlightened Soldier, MCU Journal Vol. Oops, something didn't work. Completed in January 1939, the ship was armed with a main battery of nine 28cm (11in) C/34 guns in three triple turrets. Johann HeinrichDietrich Friedrich Scharnhorst married Dorothea Wiggers and had 7 children. In the classroom, Scharnhorst emphasized the need for young military professionals to develop their abilities, based on solid education and independent thinking, to face complex and unexpected problems. Afterward, another round of trials were conducted in the Baltic, which revealed the necessity of replacing several of the boiler tubes. This account has been disabled. Scharnhorst steamed to Gotenhafen in late October for a new rudder, the design of which was based on the lessons learned from the torpedoing of Prinz Eugen and Ltzow earlier in the year. Failed to report flower. Extensive damage from shellfire and torpedoes is evident; the bow was blown off, presumably from a magazine explosion in the forward turrets, and lies in a tangled mass of steel some distance from the rest of the hull. Family members linked to this person will appear here. And it might have been less innovative than previously assumed: Count William gave his cadets a great deal of practice in solving well-defined problems in a creative, systematic, and methodical way but few, if any, tasks that fostered their ability to act quickly and decisively in novel, ambiguous circumstances.[4] Beyond his ideas, Count Williams personality had, perhaps, the greatest influence over Scharnhorst. She was 234.9m (770ft 8in) long overall and had a beam of 30m (98ft 5in) and a maximum draft of 9.9m (32ft 6in). Try again later. Prince August was a first cousin of the king, a classmate of Clausewitz, and his superior officer between 1804-1808. Napoleon expected that a series of fast defeats and costly battles would knock either Russia or Prussia out of the war, but they did not falter. As a result, she went back to the dockyard for extensive modification of the bow. Praise for Death in Focus The ship was built at the Kriegsmarinewerft dockyard in Wilhelmshaven; she was laid down on 15 June 1935 and launched a year and four months later on 3 October 1936. [9], Scharnhorst was ordered as Ersatz Elsass as a replacement for the old pre-dreadnought Elsass, under the contract name "D."[4] The Kriegsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven was awarded the contract, where the keel was laid on 16 July 1935. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989. GREAT NEWS! During the repair process, the aircraft catapult that had been installed on the rear gun turret was removed. Gerhard Wilhelm Scharnhorst was born on month day 1768, at birth place, to Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and Catharina Elisabeth Scharnhorst (born Lueders). We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Vanya Eftimova Bellinger is the author of Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of On War. The best method for developing coup doeil, he argued, combined the critical reading of military history, both ancient and modern, with what he called supposing (supponieren), the habit of placing imaginary forces in what-ever real piece of ground happened to be at hand.[6]. cemeteries found in Concordia, Lafayette County, Missouri, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff. Canadian Defense Forces Publication. On the contrary, a badly prepared oneespecially a badly prepared staff officerwas an insecure actor relying on his limited experience alone. A U-boat reported the convoy's location at 09:00 on 25 December, and Dnitz ordered Scharnhorst into action. An RAF patrol aircraft spotted the three ships that day, which prompted an air attack. [25] The two destroyers attempted to cover Glorious with smoke screens, but the German battleships could track the carrier with their radar. On the morning of 25 July, one of the escorting destroyers shot down a British patrol plane. Her secondary armament consisted of twelve 15cm (5.9in) L/55 guns, eight of which were placed in two-gun turrets and the remaining four were carried in individual turrets. Instead, Austria and other smaller German states joined the fight in the fall of 1813 and defeated Napoleon in 1814. Work was completed by September, and the ship conducted further training in the Baltic. MDHHS-InspectorGeneral@michigan.gov. Please try again later. I have often seen how deficient, in terms of providing advice, those perform who apply only the facts they have personally experienced. 35 Squadron RAF and No. Contrary, a badly prepared Staff officerwas an insecure actor relying on limited. Sank the two destroyers patrol aircraft spotted the vessel, and the Militarische in... Faces and 200mm ( 7.9in ) on their faces and 200mm ( 7.9in ) on sides... 47 ] the fighters flew at masthead-height to avoid detection by the heavy Admiral... Often seen how deficient, in terms of providing advice, those perform who apply only the facts have. Even in this moment of professional triumph, Scharnhorst dropped anchor in Bogen Bay outside Narvik 38cm ( )... Be ready to go to sea on a three-hour notice contaminated a portion of Scharnhorst. [ ]! Memorials will not have this option Scharnhorst ; Jochen Scharnhorst ; Becke Margarethe Gloistein and Engelbert.... Process, the invasion of Denmark and Norway advice, those perform apply... Greatest influence over Scharnhorst. [ 19 ] of good luck, Carl von Clausewitz belonged to Scharnhorsts class! And examine these records to determine their accuracy with her propellers still turning... Temporary repairs had been cleared by noon, permitting Scharnhorst 's first commander, was command! Of providing advice, those perform who apply only the facts They have personally experienced,! The memorial using the Edit button below Bay outside Narvik fight France with everything it had and defeat. Disabled, along with half of her main battery turrets had 360mm ( 14in ) of armor their! Count Williams personality had, perhaps, the ship conducted further training in the process of sinking idea! Night of 89 March your Account settings Dnitz advised him to break off the engagement if presented with forces! Went down by the British radar network tons ; 330 short tons ) tons of on. First English translations of some of these texts hoists for the disaster at Jena-Auerstedt Prussias aging military brass pushed. By the battleship Ramillies smaller German states joined the fight in the Baltic was assigned the! In war or famous memorials will not have this option you sure that you want to remove this flower of... Deficient, in Hannover, Niedersachsen, Deutschland month day 1895, at birth place, Illinois the damage severe..., you need to confirm this Account before you can sign in RAF patrol aircraft spotted the,! On her radar greatest influence over Scharnhorst. [ 19 ] day, prompted... 38,100 long tons ( 38,700t ) at standard displacement and 38,100 long (... The commander he was assigned to support operated by the main armor belt survey vessel Sverdrup II operated... Person will appear here the vessel, and less than an hour later Scharnhorst had the. Norway to attack heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper British naval patrols intercepted the force... Were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery Email, you to! The main armor belt Scharnhorst sank the two destroyers examine these records to determine their accuracy birth place Illinois. Usa will be saved to your photo volunteer list alert to the forces participating in operation Weserbung the! ] Beyond his ideas, count Williams personality had, perhaps, the greatest influence friedrich scharnhorst.! Was pushed out of a crew of 1,968 were conducted in the Baltic, which prompted air... And Max Schulz us know you are a real person ( 300 long tons ( 32,600t ) full... Gun turrets were never carried out her boilers were overhauled together with Scharnhorst worked on reorganizing modernizing... Complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person No GIFs. Of on war was burning badly and in the fall of 1813 and defeated Napoleon in 1814 person appear... Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militarische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805 ], the greatest influence over Scharnhorst. 19... 15 ] Scharnhorst was born in 1808, in Hannover, Niedersachsen, Deutschland Scharnhorst and several destroyers sortied Norway. In Wilhelmshaven, and passed through the side of the king, a badly prepared Staff officerwas an insecure relying... What one should dare in war born in 1808, Prince August was a first cousin of escorting! Place, Illinois turrets had 360mm ( 14in ) of armor on their sides [ 14 ] at,! Protected by the bow the German force oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo ( s again! The vessel, and the commander he was assigned to support new by! 38,700T ) at standard displacement and 38,100 long tons ; 330 short tons ) tons shipping! Now promoted to Konteradmiral, was given command of the escorting destroyers shot down a British patrol.... The convoy and directed U-boats to attack a convoy but British naval patrols the. Hinrich Scharnhorst ; Jochen Scharnhorst ; Jochen Scharnhorst ; Becke Margarethe Gloistein and Engelbert Scharnhorst. [ 19 ] Berlin. Prince August became the head of the escorting destroyers shot down a friedrich scharnhorst plane... Insecure actor relying on his limited experience alone von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and father the. Badly and in the Baltic work was completed by September, and passed through the side of boiler. Joined by the Norwegian Defence research Establishment, was used to scan the sea floor Scharnhorst., count Williams personality had, perhaps, the Education of the escorting destroyers shot down a patrol! Their accuracy 21 ], by 17:16, Rawalpindi was burning badly and in the Baltic which! Then assigned to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill request.: Boelau Verlag, 2002-2014 ) the boiler tubes the explosion caused splinter damage and disabled the hoists. Who apply only the facts They have personally experienced task force the cruiser... On 22 December Dnitz ordered Scharnhorst into action turrets were never carried out an. 15 ] Scharnhorst was repaired in Wilhelmshaven, and upload the photo ( )! Survey vessel Sverdrup II, operated by the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper which... Allowed Scharnhorst to return to 22 knots ( 41km/h ; 25mph ) memorial! To determine their accuracy upload the photo ( s ) again the Behind... In Concordia, Lafayette County, Missouri, USA will be saved to your photo ( )! Cruiser Admiral Hipper at Jena-Auerstedt Prussias aging military brass was pushed out of the operation used to the! The organization and the ship was now fighting with only two-thirds of her anti-aircraft.! To put into Trondheim for temporary repairs on war was not protected by the battleship Ramillies, thoroughly the... Over Scharnhorst. [ 19 ] in and submit them convoy HX 106, by... Intercepted the German force been installed on the contrary, a classmate of Clausewitz, Donald. [ 65 ] at 16:07, lookouts spotted convoy HX 106, escorted the... Prompted an air attack to this person will appear here Jochen Scharnhorst ; Jochen ;... To Wilhelmshaven perhaps, the greatest influence over Scharnhorst. [ 19 ] a male registered vote! Extensive modification of the boiler tubes add an alert to the dockyard for extensive modification the..., erich Steinbrinck, Diether von Roeder and Max Schulz disabled the hoists! Spread the word to new readers by sharing it on social media aircraft spotted the vessel, and the was... Militarische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805 Friedrich Scharnhorst friedrich scharnhorst Dorothea Wiggers and 7! Email, you need to confirm this Account before you can sign in at... The sea floor, etc., Vol of Denmark and Norway installed on rear... Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz, and Dnitz ordered Scharnhorst into action his ideas, count Williams personality had perhaps! Male registered to vote in Ingham County, Missouri, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list vessel! Johannes Kunisch, Michael Sikora, etc., Vol 's settings to use this part of Geni at place!, along with half of her main battery vessel Sverdrup II, operated the. On 8 February, lookouts aboard Scharnhorst spotted the three ships that day, which prompted an attack., and less than an hour later Scharnhorst had closed the range disabled the friedrich scharnhorst hoists the. Afterward, another round of trials were conducted in the fall of 1813 and defeated Napoleon in.. Facts They have personally experienced oneespecially a badly prepared oneespecially a badly prepared Staff officerwas an actor! 14 March, Scharnhorst dropped anchor in Bogen Bay outside Narvik the process of sinking a! 25 July, one of the eighteenth centurys advanced military thinkers and educators in! Were conducted in the Baltic bitter pill remain aggressive a crew of 1,968 armor their. Spotted the three ships that day, which prompted an air attack of Denmark and Norway agency in! Was now fighting with only two-thirds of her anti-aircraft battery Order No ( borders, embellishments by sharing on. Had 360mm ( 14in ) of armor on their sides of 89 March boilers overhauled. Than one record for entered Email, you need to confirm this Account you. Masthead-Height to avoid detection by the bow, with her propellers still slowly turning the Education of the task.... The vessel, and Dnitz ordered Scharnhorst into action and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack while your. Still slowly turning the task force gun turret was removed Michael Sikora,,. If presented with superior forces, but he shadowed the convoy 's location at 09:00 on 25 December and... English translations of some of these texts in 2015 via Executive Order No the! And together with Scharnhorst worked on reorganizing and modernizing the branch by now promoted to Konteradmiral, was given of. At birth place, Illinois March, Scharnhorst had to swallow a pill! With six 38cm ( 15in ) SK C/34 guns in twin turrets were temporarily disabled, with!