The museum has one of the largest collections anywhere, with over 700,000 items of cultural importance. The natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 per mile, the first positive growth rate in nearly 20 years. These key elements include assessing inmates risks and needs (classification), assigning inmates to housing, meeting inmates basic needs, setting and conveying behavioral expectations, supervising inmates, and keeping inmates productively occupied. If they choose to engage in disruptive or violent behavior, they may move up the tier system to higher security levels, but there is always a sense of hope they can return to a previous status. Amongst others, the population consisted of Muslims, Bulgarian and Greek speaking Orthodox Christians, Armenians, Georgians, Catholic Ragusans, Jews (Romaniote, Ashkenazi and Sephardi), and Romani people. [168] The total nominal GDP in 2018 was 38.5billion leva ($22.4billion), or 33,437 leva ($19,454) per capita,[169][170] and average monthly wages in March 2020 were $1,071, the highest nationally. At this time the city was renamed Sredets (The Center), because of its central strategic location. Population over the years (in thousands): According to 2018 data, the city has a population of 1,400,384 and the whole Sofia Capital Municipality of 1,500,120. ERH - A security level for individuals who commit or lead others to commit violent, disruptive, predatory, riotous actions, or who otherwise pose a serious threat to the security of the institution as set forth in the established ERH criteria. The Central Railway Station is the primary hub for domestic and international rail transport, carried out by Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ), the national rail company headquartered in the city. Opportunities for sport and recreation in the capital are many and varied outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts, modern gymnasiums and sports halls, and parks. : +359 885 921 620 E-mail:chitalnyata@gmail.com. [173] However, after the political changes in 1989, this kind of citizenship was removed. During the Second World War, Bulgaria declared war on the US and UK on 13 December 1941 and in late 1943 and early 1944 the US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia. Objective jail classification (OJC) is a process of assessing every jail inmate's custody and program needs and is considered one of the most important management tools available to jail administrators and criminal justice system planners. Sofia's geographic location, in the foothills of the weekend retreat Vitosha mountain, further adds to the city's specific atmosphere. Sofia has been settled for many millennia. The 2014 Aegean Sea earthquake was also noticed in the city. [108] Sofia was relieved (see Battle of Sofia) from Ottoman rule by Russian forces under Gen. Iosif Gurko on 4 January 1878. On his way to Constantinople, Basil II was ambushed and soundly defeated by the Bulgarians in the battle of the Gates of Trajan. In total there were 11 big and over 100 small mosques by the 17th century. Some of the biggest telecommunications companies, TV and radio stations, newspapers, magazines, and web portals are based in Sofia, including the Bulgarian National Television, bTV and Nova TV. Avian Remains from an Early Neolithic Settlement of Slatina (Present Sofia City, Bulgaria). , , 1910 , . By the time of its liberation the population of the city was 11,649. Some known holders of the title were Kaloyan, Peter and their relative Aleksandar Asen (d. after 1232), a son of Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria (r.11891196). [22], Sofia has been named one of the top ten best places for start-up businesses in the world, especially in information technologies. [96] In the second half of 10th century the city was ruled by Komit Nikola and his sons, known as the "Komitopuli". [83], In 2729 BC, according do Dio Cassius, Pliny and Ptolemy, the region "Segetike" was attacked by Crassus, which is assumed to be Serdica, or the city of the Serdi. 78", " - 01.1887 - 12.2007", "Weather Sofia Monthly Weather History- freemeteo.bg", ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/BU/15614.TXT, "Weather Sofia Daily Weather History| freemeteo.bg", "Sofia, Bulgaria - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast", "Air pollution in Sofia, other Bulgarian cities hugely exceeded norms several times this winter", "Bulgaria's Air Is Dirtiest in Europe, Study Finds, Followed by Poland", "Bulgaria: Bad air quality in Sofia on January 6 2018", "Sofia Municipal Council Adopted Measures to Tackle Air Pollution", "Brussels: Sofia has no projects targeting air pollution standartnews.com", "Odrysian Kingdom - the first country on the Balkans", " 24.04.2016 9:331205 ", "Dio, Roman History, Book 51, chapter 25", "Trakiia 12 41- "Da diese mit ihrem blinden Knig Siras verbndete der Rmer waren ergab dies den Vorwand fr den Kriegszug von Crassus. A notable local basketball team is twice European Champions Cup finalist Lukoil Akademik. [174] The IT sector is highly diverse and includes both multinational corporations, local companies and start-ups. [103], During the initial stages of the Crusade of Varna in 1443, it was occupied by Hungarian forces for a short time in 1443, and the Bulgarian population celebrated a mass Saint Sofia Church. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies Jails Division Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators Resource Guide for Jail Administrators Women in Jail: Classification Issues (AP) The hunt is on for an inmate who walked away from a low-level corrections cente Calls for prison reform in Mississippi after inmate murders and escapes Tuesday, January 7, 2020 Over the last 10 days, five inmates were killed in different Mississippi state prisons. During the time of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393), Sredets took on the appearance of a large Medieval city its narrow, crowded streets witnessed the construction of more and more small churches and monasteries, which later became Sofias Holy Mountain. The data generated through the classification process can also be used for operational, management, and planning purposes. [138] Many of the most severe crimes are contract killings that are connected to organised crime, but these had dropped in recent years after several arrests of gang members. Cyril and Methodius National Library, the foremost information repository in the country, holds some 1,800,000 books and more than 7,000,000 documents, manuscripts, maps and other items.[151]. A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. Borisov Park is right in the center of the city, and South Park is next to the National Palace of Culture. These are among the most sought-after secondary schools, along with Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School and the High School of Mathematics, which topped the 2018 preference list for high school candidates. [156] A velodrome with 5,000 seats in the city's central park is undergoing renovation. Fourteen chapters comprise this guide: introduction; role, purpose, and characteristics of the jail; administration; facilities; staffing and scheduling; staff recruiting, selection, and retention; staff training; security, safety, and emergency preparedness; inmate behavior management; inmate discipline and grievance; special management; inmate services and programs; jail intake and release; and getting started on the job. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on all phases of new-jail planning. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. The National History Museum, located in Boyana, it has a vast collection of more than 650,000 historical items dating from Prehistory to the modern era, although only 10,000 of them are permanently displayed due to the lack of space. [28] The metropolitan region of Sofia is inhabited by a population of 1.66million. This guide presents six key elements that, in combination, will help jails reduce a wide array of negative, destructive, and dangerous inmate behavior (p. v). The earliest works where this latest name is registered are the duplicate of the Gospel of Serdica, in a dialogue between two salesmen from Dubrovnik around 1359, in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman and in a Ragusan merchant's notes of 1376. Two functioning cable cars provide year long access from the outskirts of the city. [207], A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. Close to the museum is the Boyana Church, one of the Bulgarian monuments that are listed among the UNESCO World Heritage sites. In 1530 Sofia became the capital of the Ottoman province (beylerbeylik) of Rumelia for about three centuries. [182] Supported by the city's R&D expertise, Sofia is shifting to high value-added manufacturing including electrical equipment, precision mechanics, pharmaceuticals. [101] The Ottoman commander left the following description of the city garrison: "Inside the fortress [Sofia] there is a large and elite army, its soldiers are heavily built, moustached and look war-hardened, but are used to consume wine and rakiain a word, jolly fellows. The city is ranked 62nd among financial centres worldwide. It became the capital of the beylerbeylik of Rumelia (Rumelia Eyalet), the province that administered the Ottoman lands in Europe (the Balkans), one of the two together with the beylerbeylik of Anatolia. Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. The families that consist of two people are 46.8%, another 34.2% of the families are made up by three people, whereas most of the households (36.5%) consist of only one person.[116]. Very close to Saint Sofia is The Memorial Church Saint Alexander Nevsky, now one of the citys most recognizable symbols. There are more than fifteen swimming complexes in the city, most of them outdoor. Serdica Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Serdica. Masterpieces of Bulgarian painting are on display at The National Art Gallery, located in what was formerly the Bulgarian Royal Palace. In the rotundas immediate proximity, in the underpass leading to the Serdika metro station, is The Saint. Being Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. It grew into an important fortress and administrative centre under Krum's successor Khan Omurtag, who made it a centre of Sredets province (Sredetski komitat, ). It was the first edict legalising Christianity, preceding the Edict of Milan by two years. [36], The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church,[37] as opposed to the prevailing Slavic origin of Bulgarian cities and towns. [196] As of 2012[update], the system has 39km (24mi) of track. The Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum, where Dimitrov's body had been preserved in a similar way to the Lenin mausoleum, was demolished in 1999. The report also noted that no industrial pollution monitoring stations operate in Sofia, even though industrial facilities are active in the city. The Museum of Socialist Art includes many sculptures and posters that educate visitors about the lifestyle in communist Bulgaria. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. [77] Remains from another neolithic settlement around the National Art Gallery are traced to the 3rd4th millennium BC, which has been the traditional centre of the city ever since. [146] Over the past two decades, numerous independent cinemas have closed and most shows are in shopping centre multiplexes. The city is a preferred destination for international congresses, and there are a great many halls and centers offering possibilities for every need. Its bell tower rises to a height of 53 meters, and houses 53 bells, the heaviest weighing 10 tons. The extension of the underground system is hoped to alleviate the city's immense traffic problems. [78], The earliest tribes who settled were the Thracian Tilataei. There is a multitude of discotheques, restaurants, bars, piano bars, folk clubs, taverns, soda fountains, fast food outlets and many other kinds of entertainment. Sofia is also home to Bulgarias most prestigious and largest educational institutions universities, colleges, and middle schools that offer solidly-grounded, up-to-date instruction in such disciplines as Architecture, Medicine, The Humanities, Engineering, Music and Choreography, and Fine Arts. This church was built in 1912, and was designed by the Russian architect Alexander Pomerantsev. Its largest branch is Kvadrat 500, located on the NFGA premises, where some 2,000 works are on display in twenty eight exhibition halls. Among its highlights is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, one of the symbols of Bulgaria, constructed in the late 19th century. Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. It was the capital of the important Sanjak of Sofia as well, including the whole of Thrace with Plovdiv and Edirne, and part of Macedonia with Thessaloniki and Skopje. Consulted online on 23 January 2018. [99] Several of the city's governors were members of the Bulgarian imperial family and held the title of sebastokrator, the second highest at the time, after the tsar. Hilfe, eroberte das Land der Serden (bei Dio Segetika) und kam plndernd ins. One of Sofias favorite spots for both visitors and residents is Vitosha Boulevard. Kliment Ohridski, Tel. [215] Rakovski Defence and Staff College, the National Academy of Arts, the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, the University of National and World Economy and the University of Mining and Geology are other major higher education establishments in the city. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The citys flourished for a second time under Justinian the Great (reign 527-565). Practical information for tourists in the Covid-19, Practical information for tourists COVID-19, , National Representation for Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria, St Nikolas Monastery village of Skravena, Information and recommendations about COVID-19, Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria. Known as Serdica in Antiquity and Sredets in the Middle Ages, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. [205][206] The American College of Sofia, a private secondary school with roots in a school founded by American missionaries in 1860, is among the oldest American educational institutions outside of the United States. BAS is the centrepiece of scientific research in Bulgaria, employing more than 4,500 scientists in various institutes. [197] This line will complete the proposed underground system of three lines with about 65km (40mi) of lines. The birth rate per 1000 people was 12.3 per mile and steadily increasing in the last 5 years, the death rate reaching 12.1 per mile and decreasing. Private automobile ownership has grown rapidly in the 1990s; more than 1,000,000 cars were registered in Sofia after 2002. With its developing infrastructure and strategic location, Sofia is a major hub for international railway and automobile transport. Prison Classification. The Bulgarian Volleyball Federation is the world's second-oldest, and it was an exhibition tournament organised by the BVF in Sofia that convinced the International Olympic Committee to include volleyball as an olympic sport in 1957. While walking in the area, visitors will also see the Banya Bashi Mosque, built in the 16th century. Individuals will be placed at institutions that are consistent with their security classification rating. Sofia (/ s o f i , s f-, s o f i / SOH-fee-, SOF-; Bulgarian: , romanized: Sofiya, IPA: ()) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. [159] The first census carried out in February 1878 by the Russian Army recorded a population of 11,694 inhabitants including 6,560 Bulgarians, 3,538 Jews, 839 Turks and 737 Romani. The oldest church in Sofia is the Saint George Rotunda. There are separate reception centers for females, male youth, and adult males. were built. The crypt of the Alexander Nevsky cathedral is another branch of the National Gallery. The Sofia Tourist Information Center offers information about points of interest, services, and accommodations. Sofia's development as a significant settlement owes much to its central position in the Balkans. The city was also an applicant for the 2014 Winter Olympics, but was not selected as candidate. [68] Solid fuel used for heating and motor vehicle traffic are significant sources of pollutants. The Iskar flows north toward the Balkan Mountains, passing between the eastern city suburbs, next to the main building and below the runways of Sofia Airport, and flows out of the Sofia Valley at the town of Novi Iskar, where the scenic Iskar Gorge begins.[42]. Since it is the nations capital, Sofia constantly plays host to important cultural and musical events, conferences, and sports competitions. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sofia, the church can hold roughly 5,000 people, and on important Christian holidays, it is filled with believers. After the Liberation War, knyaz Alexander Battenberg invited architects from Austria-Hungary to shape the new capital's architectural appearance.[117]. For example, one of the citys most popular venues for business forums and trade fairs is the National Palace of Culture. The city has the 4th-highest number of automobiles per capita in the European Union at 546.4 vehicles per 1,000 people. Three of the ten Pan-European Transport Corridors cross the city: IV, VIII and X. Inmate Inquiry. However, the end of the old administration and centrally planned system also paved the way for chaotic and unrestrained construction, which continues today. If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. During the 1970s and the 1980s multiple ski slopes of varying difficulty were made available. However, the city is also subject to heat waves with high temperatures reaching or exceeding 35C (95F) on the hottest days, particularly in July and August. : +359 2 4918344 Tel. According to the 2011 census, people aged 2024 years are the most numerous group, numbering 133,170 individuals and accounting for 11% of the total 1,202,761 people. city of the Serdi. ber die Segetike (wohl irrtmlich fr Serdike, Land der Serden, wie es aus Dio Cass. It discusses key components of an OJC system, including instruments that use reliable and valid criteria, overrides by classification staff, staff training and commitment to OJC, and a housing plan that is consistent with classification outcomes. [203] Consequently, traffic and air pollution problems have become more severe and receive regular criticism in local media. There are 221 general, 11 special and seven arts or sports schools, 56 vocational gymnasiums and colleges, and four independent colleges. Euro in a New Production Unit in Sofia/", "Melexis to Invest 75M to Expand Its Operations in Bulgaria", "Lufthansa Technik Sofia invests 30 mln euro to expand its facilities", Sofia infrastructure from the official website of the Municipality, "History of the tramway network in Sofia", "History of the trolleybus network in Sofia", "Public transport Sofia official website", "Transport Company Bulgaria official website", " (Bulgarian National Television News)", "National Federation of the Taxi Drivers in Bulgaria. In 2015 seven new stations were opened and the underground extended to Sofia Airport on its Northern branch and to Business Park Sofia on its Southern branch. Vitosha mountain is a popular hiking destination due to its proximity and ease of access via car and public transport. [157] There are also various other sports complexes in the city which belong to institutions other than football clubs, such as those of the National Sports Academy, the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, or those of different universities. inmate classification vg3 alabama meaning a nice variety of treatment and work programs too. According to the director of Sofia District Police Directorate, the largest share of the crimes are thefts, making up 62.4% of all crimes in the capital city. In the churchs crypt, there is an exhibit of Orthodox Christian art. Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. The decision was announced in November 2014 by the Evaluation Committee of ACES Europe, on the grounds that "the city is a good example of sport for all, as means to improve healthy lifestyle, integration and education, which are the basis of the initiative.". [101] The 16th century was marked by a wave of persecutions against the Bulgarian Christians, a total of nine became New Martyrs in Sofia and were sainted by the Orthodox Church, including George the New (1515), Sophronius of Sofia (1515), George the Newest (1530), Nicholas of Sofia (1555) and Terapontius of Sofia (1555).[104]. Booking Date 1/6/2023 4:12 PM; Release Date; Scheduled Release Date; Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin . Overall, Sofia has 186km (116 miles) of railway lines. Smog thus persists over the city as temperature inversions and the mountains surrounding the city prevent the circulation of air masses. As the city grew outwards, the then-new neighbourhoods were dominated by many concrete tower blocks, prefabricated panel apartment buildings and examples of Brutalist architecture. [130] One of the three buildings in the architectural ensemble, the former Bulgarian Communist Party headquarters, is due to become the seat of the Parliament. A number of shallow rivers cross the city, including the Boyanska, Vladayska and Perlovska. The largest group are occupied in trading, followed by those in the manufacturing industry. Much of Bulgaria's educational capacity is concentrated in Sofia. He considered making Serdica the capital of the Byzantine Empire instead of Constantinople. The city has an extensive green belt. The ADOC Classification Manual is the document of direction in all matters of inmate classification and procedures thereunto. Akademai Klado, 1966. At the beginning of the 9th century, the Bulgarian Han Krum (reign 803-814) invaded Serdika. The species of flora in the park are particularly rich and varied. Each staff member with detainee in-processing responsibilities shall receive on-site training; 3. The common head of Sofia Municipality and all the 38 settlements is the mayor of Sofia. We also sponsor a peer-training network for large jail administrators, including meetings and an online discussion forum. - , , "": ", "HE Prime Minister Presides Over Cabinet Regular Meeting", " , , , , ", "Sofia, Shanghai to become sister cities", "Sofia, Budapest to Cooperate in Culture, Tourism, Economy", "Acordos de geminao, de cooperao e de amizade", Sofia by Night Light: A Photographic Exhibition, Etymological list of provinces of Bulgaria, Institutional seats of the European Union, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sofia&oldid=1134415457, Populated places established in the 7th millennium BC, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles with dead external links from May 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with Bulgarian-language sources (bg), Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Articles containing Bulgarian-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. 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